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Home / Carbon Allotropes / Reduced Graphene Oxide rGO | Percolating Conductive Networks at Low Loadings

Reduced Graphene Oxide rGO | Percolating Conductive Networks at Low Loadings

carbon nanosheets enabling electrical, thermal, and interfacial functionality

Introduction

Reduced Graphene Oxide| Percolating Conductive Networks at Low Loadings

Direct Answer

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a partially reduced form of graphene oxide used to form conductive and thermal percolation networks in polymer and composite systems.

What it is: A partially reduced form of graphene oxide consisting of sp² carbon domains with residual oxygen functional groups.

What it is not: Not pristine graphene, not graphite, and not fully oxidized graphene oxide.

Where it fits: Used in conductive composites, energy storage electrodes, functional coatings, and sensing systems (system-dependent).

Boundary: Outcomes depend strongly on dispersion quality, restacking/agglomeration, defect density, and environmental stability.

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Product Parameter

reduced Graphene Oxide Parameters

Property	Value	Unit	Notes
Bulk density (loose powder)	0.01 – 0.48	g/cm³	Grade- and packing-dependent
True density (graphitic solid basis)	1.9 – 2.2	g/cm³	Approximate graphitic basis
Sheet lateral size (x–y)	1 – 10	µm	Example range; method/grade dependent
Sheet thickness (z)	0.8 – 2	nm	Example range; exfoliation dependent
Particle size D10	1 – 3	µm	Example; dispersion-state dependent
Particle size D50	4 – 6	µm	Example; dispersion-state dependent
Particle size D90	10 – 15	µm	Example; dispersion-state dependent
Specific surface area (BET, commonly reported)	~150 – 700	m²/g	Structure/exfoliation dependent

Product feature

Material Identity

Primary name: Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)

CAS number: 1034343-98-0(Graphene)

Synonyms: reduced graphene oxide; rGO nanosheets; rGO

Material class: graphene-family carbon nanomaterial

Generalized formula: CxHyOz

Physical form: solid powder (black)

What it is not: pristine graphene; graphite(7782-42-5); graphene oxide

Mechanism of Action

Reduced graphene oxide functions through formation of interconnected two-dimensional conductive networks. Electrical and thermal transport are governed by percolation rather than intrinsic conductivity.

Percolation network: Sheet-to-sheet contact enables conduction
Contact resistance: Dominated by overlap and defect density
Dispersion sensitivity: Agglomeration disrupts pathways

Activation & Trigger Conditions

Thermal, chemical, electrochemical, or photothermal reduction.

Functional Role

Electrical conduction, thermal transport, interfacial enhancement, and electron transfer support.

Application Windows

Compatible systems: polymers, coatings, hybrid fillers, electrodes.

Loading behavior: governed by percolation threshold.

Limitations & Failure Modes

Agglomeration: breaks conductive pathways
Residual defects: cap conductivity
Moisture uptake: performance drift
Interface mismatch: weak reinforcement

When to Use

When percolation-based conductivity is required
When dispersion can be controlled
When moderate conductivity is acceptable

When NOT to Use

When pristine graphene performance is required
When dispersion control is impossible
When long-term water stability is required

Misuse Cases

Use without dispersion control, use in defect-intolerant electronics, or direct aqueous systems without stabilization.

Alternatives & Trade-offs

Carbon black (higher loading), CNTs (dispersion complexity, pristine graphene (cost and scalability limits),

GNP — enhanced conductivity with a stable dispersal system required

FAQ

Is rGO the same as graphene?

No. rGO contains residual oxygen groups and structural defects, unlike pristine graphene.

Is rGO water soluble?

No. Dispersion requires formulation or surface treatment.

Application area

In depth articles on reduced graphene oxide

Last updated: 2026-01-22

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