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Home / Applications / Carbon Allotropes

Carbon Allotropes

• Expanded graphite • Graphene nanoplatelets • rGO • CNTs

CVD Graphene — Large-area graphene film grown by chemical vapor deposition

Short answer: CVD graphene is a graphene material grown as a continuous film by chemical vapor deposition on metal substrates such as copper or nickel. It is used where large-area, uniform graphene layers are required. Its properties depend on growth conditions and transfer quality, and it is not a powdered graphene filler or graphene oxide.

Graphene Nanoplatelets | conductive and reinforced composites

Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs| Platelet-Based Electrical and Thermal Percolation

Direct Answer

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are few-layer graphene platelets used to create electrically and thermally conductive networks in polymers, coatings, and composites through planar percolation rather than bulk conduction.

What it is

A multilayer graphene material consisting of stacked graphene sheets with high in-plane conductivity and large surface area.

What it is NOT

Not single-layer graphene, not carbon black, and not a fully exfoliated or molecularly dispersed nanomaterial.

Where it fits

Used as a conductive and reinforcement filler in polymers, coatings, adhesives, battery components, and EMI shielding materials.

Boundary

Performance depends on dispersion quality, platelet aspect ratio, orientation, and interfacial compatibility.

Graphene Oxide — Oxygen-functionalized graphene for dispersion-driven composites

Short answer: Graphene oxide is a layered carbon material derived from graphite, containing oxygen-bearing functional groups on its basal planes and edges. It fits applications requiring dispersion, surface interaction, or chemical tunability rather than intrinsic conductivity. Its behavior depends on oxidation level and processing history, and it is not equivalent to graphene or reduced graphene oxide.

Expanded Graphite — Thermally expandable carbon for conductive and fire-resistant systems

Short answer: Expanded graphite is a carbon material produced from graphite that expands when exposed to heat, forming a low-density, layered structure. It is used where thermal response, electrical conductivity, or physical barrier formation is required in solid systems. Its function depends on heat activation and physical expansion, and it does not behave as a molecular flame retardant or chemical additive.

Reduced Graphene Oxide rGO | Percolating Conductive Networks at Low Loadings

Reduced Graphene Oxide| Percolating Conductive Networks at Low Loadings

Direct Answer

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a partially reduced form of graphene oxide used to form conductive and thermal percolation networks in polymer and composite systems.

What it is: A partially reduced form of graphene oxide consisting of sp² carbon domains with residual oxygen functional groups.

What it is not: Not pristine graphene, not graphite, and not fully oxidized graphene oxide.

Where it fits: Used in conductive composites, energy storage electrodes, functional coatings, and sensing systems (system-dependent).

Boundary: Outcomes depend strongly on dispersion quality, restacking/agglomeration, defect density, and environmental stability.

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are seamless, nanometre-scale tubes formed when one or several graphene sheets roll around a central axis at a defined helical angle. Thanks to exceptionally low levels of amorphous carbon, metal residues and structural defects, they deliver outstanding electrical performance.

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